PRO: Cardiac Catheterization Is the Optimal Strategy for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in This Patient

Patient Safety During Cardiac Catheterization

32. Neff MS, Kim KE, Persoff M, Onesti G, Swartz C: Hemodynamics of uremic anemia. Circulation 43: 876, 1971 33. Cangiano JL, Ramirez-Mux 0, Ramirez-Gonzalez R, Trevino A, Campos JA: Normal renin uremic hypertension. Arch Intern Med 136: 17, 1976 34. Capelli JP, Kasparian H: Cardiac work demands and left ventricular function in end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med 86: 261, 1977 35. Rubin JE,...

Cardiac imaging for risk stratification in diabetes.

World wide, 200 million individuals currently have diabetes, and projections by the World Health Organisation suggest that its prevalence will exceed 300 million by 2025 and 360 million by 2030. More than 90% of these individuals will have type 2 diabetes. Management guidelines in Europe and the USA consider type 2 diabetes to be a cardiovascular disease equivalent. These patients have a 2–4-fo...

Ambulatory blood pressure for cardiovascular risk stratification.

Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool to refine prediction of cardiovascular risk related to blood pressure (BP).1 After the first landmark study published by Perloff and colleagues 24 years ago,2 several longitudinal event-based studies provided unequivocal evidence of an independent association between ABP and risk of cardiovascular disease. ...

Is This Patient at Risk for Retinal Detachment?

A 62-year old woman with hypertension but no previous ocular history presents to her family physician with a 1-week history of a large floater in the left eye. She reports “a cloud that moves around her visual field” and says that although she can see well enough to watch television, her vision while wearing her glasses is decreased from normal. On further questioning, she also reports that she...

Risk Stratification for Cardiac Arrhythmia Patients